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lüll Apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells in vascular remodelling and atherosclerotic plaque rupture Bennett MRCardiovasc Res 1999[Feb]; 41 (2): 361-8Apoptosis (programmed cell death) of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) has recently been identified as an important process in a variety of human vascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, arterial injury, and restenosis after angioplasty. VSMC apoptosis is regulated by interactions between the local cell-cell and cytokine environment within the arterial wall, and the expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins by the cell, including death receptors, proto-oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes. This review summarises our current knowledge of the occurrence and mechanisms underlying VSMC apoptosis in atherosclerosis and arterial remodelling.|Animals[MESH]|Apoptosis[MESH]|Arteries/metabolism/pathology[MESH]|Arteriosclerosis/metabolism/*pathology[MESH]|Extracellular Matrix/metabolism[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Lipoproteins, LDL/metabolism[MESH]|Metalloendopeptidases/metabolism[MESH]|Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism/*pathology[MESH]|Nitric Oxide/metabolism[MESH]|Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism[MESH] |